House Holly Fern

Medium to bright indirect light (3-6 feet from a south or west window, or right next to an east window. Under a grow light, 6-10 inches away works well). Deep to partial shade is fine - actually preferred. No direct sunlight, which scorches the fronds. Well-suited to north-facing rooms and offices with overhead fluorescent lighting.

Moderate - 50-55% relative humidity is comfortable. Noticeably more tolerant of dry air than most ferns, though a pebble tray still helps in heated rooms. Good air circulation is important to prevent disease.

Humus-rich, moist, well-draining mix. Standard potting soil with added perlite and coconut coir works well. Tolerates a wide range of soil pH and types including clay and loam. When repotting, keep the crown just above the soil line to prevent rot.

Scale insects are the primary pest - they look like small brown discs on the leaflets. Avoid chemical pesticides on ferns as they are easily damaged. Florida Fern Caterpillar can be an issue outdoors. Root rot from overwatering. The plant has naturalized invasively in parts of the southeastern USA, Hawaii, Australia, and Europe, so check local regulations before planting outdoors.